Module 6: Insulin

There is no definitive best regimen for the use of insulin in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, there are some commonly used regimens and they are included in this module. People have a choice of how they want to administer insulin, so the advantages and disadvantages of each will be reviewed. As a pharmacist you may be asked a myriad of questions about the storage and use of insulin and insulin supplies. This module will provide you with some of this information.

Objectives

You have completed this module when you are able to:

  1. Discuss barriers faced by health professionals in initiating insulin therapy;
  2. Discuss barriers to commencing insulin therapy experienced by the person with diabetes;
  3. Identify different types of insulin available in Canada;
  4. Explain the onset, peak and duration of action of available insulins;
  5. Explain the meaning of basal and bolus insulin;
  6. Identify three common insulin regimens and the benefits and challenges with each regimen;
  7. List the advantages and disadvantages of premixed insulin;
  8. Describe the use of an insulin pen;
  9. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of syringes and pens;
  10. Discuss syringe reuse and disposal;
  11. Describe the preparation of a single and a mixed dose of insulin in a syringe;
  12. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using an insulin pump;
  13. Explain the benefits of intensifying insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes;
  14. List the factors that affect insulin absorption;
  15. Explain the importance of rotating the sites for insulin injections; and
  16. Discuss the side effects of insulin.

To enhance your learning, you may also wish to refer to the "Insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes" section of the Canadian Pharmacists Journal's supplement on Diabetes. (CPJ 2009;142[SUPPL 1])